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The caseins are a family of milk phosphoproteins whose
2022-08-18

The caseins are a family of milk phosphoproteins whose biological function is to provide supersaturating concentrations of calcium, phosphates, and essential mg115 mg to the neonate (Vonderhaar and Ziska, 1989). α- and β-caseins, the most abundant of the milk caseins, are described as calcium sensi
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To date types of glucose transport protein have been
2022-08-18

To date, 14 types of glucose transport protein have been discovered, each having its own specific functions with different distributions [33]. Among these, GLUT4 is particularly important for maintaining glucose metabolism homeostasis and insulin sensitivity, since it is involved in glucose transpor
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For functional metagenomics based gene screening
2022-08-18

For functional metagenomics-based gene screening, the DNA library construction approach is widely used . Fosmid and cosmid libraries are usually used to explore novel genes. Lee et al. reported that a halotolerant and protease-resistant α-galactosidase was identified from the gut metagenome of , a p
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The importance of T currents in the control
2022-08-18

The importance of T-currents in the control of thalamic GABA synaptic function is also demonstrated by the presence of T-channel-dependent long-term synaptic plasticity, either potentiation (LTP) or depression (LTD). Indeed, in the associative posterior thalamic medial nucleus, an LTP of the GABAerg
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The histamine H receptor H R amino acids is located
2022-08-17

The histamine H3 receptor (H3R; 326–445 amino-acids) is located on histaminergic neuron somata, dendrites and axon varicosities, as well as on the axon varicosities and somata of other neurons, providing negative feedback to inhibit histamine synthesis and the release of histamine or other transmitt
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br HER proto oncogene The erbB gene located
2022-08-17

HER2 proto-oncogene The erbB2 gene, located on the short arm of chromosome 17, was discovered and cloned in 1983 (Fig. 1) (Sato et al., 1983). The product of this gene, HER2, is a transmembrane glycoprotein of 185 KDa that consists of three main domains: an extracellular, a transmembrane and an i
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Fisetin br Acknowledgments br Introduction Liver
2022-08-17

Acknowledgments Introduction Liver disease is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Death from any type of acute or chronic liver injury results when sufficient healthy hepatic parenchyma cannot be regenerated to perform vital liver-specific functions. Although the regenerative capabil
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Initial structural and biochemical work showed that Get form
2022-08-17

Initial structural and biochemical work showed that Get3 forms an obligate dimer whose conformation is regulated by the bound nucleotide. Analogous to SRP and SR, Get3 contains a P-loop nucleotide hydrolase domain in which the bound ATPs face one another at the dimer interface (Figure 3A, top right
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GPR shares a amino acid
2022-08-17

GPR81 shares a 52% amino A-803467 sequence identity in humans to GPR109A [1], [2], [3]. In addition, GPR81 is localized more specifically to the adipose tissue [3]. In 2008, lactate was discovered to be the endogenous ligand for GPR81 [9], [10]. Plasma lactate levels reach concentrations capable of
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Since KYNA concentrations are increased
2022-08-17

Since KYNA concentrations are increased by aerobic exercise training, we have investigated if it plays a role in peripheral tissue metabolism. Here we show that KYNA regulates adipose tissue energy homeostasis through activation of Gpr35. Activation of this network stimulates the expression of lipid
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Elevated methylglyoxal levels also contribute to carbonyl st
2022-08-17

Elevated methylglyoxal levels also contribute to carbonyl stress, cytotoxicity, DNA damage, apoptosis and cell death. These mechanisms may be important for normal aging of the nervous system as well as for the development of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease wher
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In contrast to UDG SMUG
2022-08-17

In contrast to UDG, SMUG1 exhibits dramatically lower product yield in its excision of U, and this is not dependent on sequence context. Though we cannot rule out that a small amount of the product is derived from a duplex contaminant, our extensive purification techniques limit the amount of contam
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Indeed it was shown further in VSV G that
2022-08-17

Indeed, it was shown further in VSV G that the H80A mutation, and the E123L and D121L double mutation, which both abolish VSV G fusion properties, were rescued by the same compensatory Q112P mutation. In a single FD, residue 112 is located on the opposite side of the three-stranded β-sheet and is fa
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An alternative to the chemoenzymatic preparation of
2022-08-17

An alternative to the chemoenzymatic preparation of glycoproteins is the production through total chemical synthesis or semi-synthesis [2,3,]. Many successful glycoprotein syntheses are based on native chemical ligation (NCL) [11], a reaction where unprotected peptides and glycopeptides of any lengt
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Because sleep and metabolism are intimately
2022-08-17

Because sleep and metabolism are intimately linked, the authors next move to study whether Eaat2 also controls metabolic rate. First, we must ask how sleep and metabolism are connected at a functional level. The NVP-AEE788 allocation hypothesis of sleep posits that organisms temporally partition spe
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