• In neurons and neuroendocrine cells the productive fusion pa

  2021-11-24

  

  In neurons and neuroendocrine cells, the productive fusion pathway is thought to initiate with the Munc18-1/Syx1 complex (Ma et al., 2013, Hughson, 2013, Lai et al., 2017). The Munc13-1 MUN domain is able to catalyze opening of Syx1 (the transition from the Munc18-1/Syx1 complex to the SNARE complex

• It has been suggested that

  2021-11-24

  

  It has been suggested that MAPK (Huang et al., 2013, Uddman et al., 2003, Xu et al., 2008) signaling pathway is involved in the transcriptional upregulation of ETB receptor. The present study demonstrated that treatment with CsA increased phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38. Inhibition of ERK1/2 and p

• br Conclusion br Author contributions br Ethics approval br

  2021-11-24

  

  Conclusion Author contributions Ethics approval Competing interests Introduction VHL is a well-known tumor suppressor and works as a target recruitment subunit of an E3 ubiquitin ligase complex that recruits hydroxylated hypoxia inducible factor α (HIF-α) for proteasomal degradation u

• L002 Tylophora atrofolliculata is a centuries used folk medi

  2021-11-24

  

  Tylophora atrofolliculata is a centuries-used folk medicine for the treatment of rheumatism in China (Jiangsu New Medical College, 1977). One group of its bioactive components is phenanthroindolizidine alkaloids, which have been demonstrated as lead compounds of anti-tumor agents in our previous stu

• br Rho family GTPases are molecular switches most

  2021-11-23

  

  Rho-family GTPases are molecular switches; most which cycle from an ‘on’ GTP bound state to an ‘off’ GDP bound state, driven by GEFs (guanine nucleotide exchange factors) and GAPs (GTPase-activating proteins) respectively. Association with lipid membranes through a lipid (farnesyl or geranylgerany

• In three groups independently proposed

  2021-11-23

  

  In 2001, three groups independently proposed two different mechanisms for the catalytic reaction of GlxI [5], [6], [7]. Richter and Krauss (RK) used HF/4–31G calculations of the active site, coupled with a frozen effective fragment potential description [8], [9] of eleven residues in the binding sit

• Recently multiple receptor agonists have

  2021-11-23

  

  Recently, multiple receptor agonists have been developed to treat type II diabetes (Finan et al., 2013, Finan et al., 2015). We have tested novel dual GLP-1/GIP receptor agonists that showed good neuroprotective effects that are superior to single GLP-1 analogues (Cao et al., 2016, Jalewa et al., 20

• br Acknowledgments This work was

  2021-11-23

  

  Acknowledgments This work was supported by the NIH (R01DK103884 to JMZ, R01DK100659 to JKE, and F32DK104659 and K01DK111644 to CMC), the Diana and Richard C. Strauss Professorship in Biomedical Research, the Mr. and Mrs. Bruce G. Brookshire Professorship in Medicine, the Kent and Jodi Foster Dist

• br Materials and Methods A human skin

  2021-11-22

  

  Materials and Methods A431 (human skin SCC) and HT-297.T (human AK) cell lines were purchased from ATCC (Manassas, VA) and were maintained in DMEM supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum, 4 mM L-Gln, 1 mM sodium pyruvate, 100 U/mL penicillin, and 1 μg/mL streptomycin. Human HK1 and HK2 plasmids we

• It is difficult however to assure that observed

  2021-11-22

  

  It is difficult, however, to assure that observed alterations of pro-oxidant/antioxidant levels within the studied organisms are related directly to heavy metal pollution, rather than to other accompanying environmental stressors. Environmental factors like oxygen partial pressure, temperature, sali

• In this study we demonstrated

  2021-11-22

  

  In this study, we demonstrated that while Cu(I) does not affect LPS induced iNOS LDN 209929 dihydrochloride it inhibits NO release from microglia. Cu(I)-induced GSNOR inhibition and GSNO depletion is more in line with alternative (non-inflammatory) polarization. These results extend our previous fi

• br Acknowledgments br Introduction Obesity and type diabetes

  2021-11-22

  

  Acknowledgments Introduction Obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are two major chronic non-communicable diseases that are increasing worldwide at an alarming rate; the majority of people with T2D are overweight or obese, and T2D associated with obesity is expected to have doubled by 2030 (Chen e

• Further our study provides the first

  2021-11-22

  

  Further, our study provides the first evidence that zaprinast and kynurenic phospholipase inhibitor administration not only prevented the development of thermal and mechanical hypersensitivity but also enhanced morphine antinociceptive properties. Morphine is considered to be one of the most effect

• br Genetic rescue of GluR A dependent

  2021-11-22

  

  Genetic rescue of GluR-A-dependent spatial working memory Spatial working memory performance in GluR-A−/− mice can be restored by the forebrain-specific influenza m2 protein of GluR-A subunits labeled with green-fluorescent protein (GFP) on an otherwise GluR-A knockout background (Schmitt et al.

• These findings raise the question

  2021-11-22

  

  These findings raise the question of what mechanism of beta cell proliferation is induced by short-term HF diet feeding. Gene expression profiling of isolated islets from mice fed a HF diet for 1 week revealed that expression levels of downstream genes of Foxm1 were coordinately upregulated (Fig. 5)

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